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Polarization-maintaining Fiber

PMF for Fibre Coil
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Polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber preserves a stable linear polarization by doing something that may sound counterintuitive: it deliberately introduces strong, well-defined birefringence. Instead of trying to make the fiber perfectly symmetric, PM fiber creates two orthogonal polarization eigenmodes with different effective refractive indices and propagation constants.

This built-in difference is much larger and more controlled than the weak, random birefringence that ordinary fiber can acquire from bending, residual stress, temperature changes, or manufacturing imperfections. When the input polarization is aligned with one of the fiber's principal axes, unwanted coupling into the orthogonal polarization mode is strongly suppressed. For a broader introduction to how light is guided in a fiber, see this overview of fiber-optic principles and structure.

Product Details

Applications:

FOGs

Polarization-maintaining fused-fibre couplers

Polarization-sensitive components

Laser pigtails

Polarization-based sensors

Characteristics:

Short beat length
High birefringence
Excellent polarization maintaining performance
Excellent geometrical uniformity and low attenuation
Excellent bending stability
Double UV coating structure
High service stability and reliability

Specifications

Fibre type	PM 1310_125-16/250	PM 1310_80-16/165	PM 1310_80-16/135	PM 1310_60-16/100	PM 1310_80-16/135_HT	PM 1550_125-18/250	PM 1550_80-18/165	PM 1550_80-18/135	PM 1550_80-18/135_HT	PM 1550_60-18/100
Part No.	PMI016-A	PMI016-B	PMI016-G	PMI016-M	PMI016-GT	PMI017-A	PMI017-B	PMI017-G	PMI017-GT	PMI017-M
Optical properties
Operating wavelength (nm)	1310	1310	1310	1310	1310	1550	1550	1550	1550	1550
Fibre cutoff wavelength (nm)	1100~1290	1100~1290	1100~1290	1100~1290	1100-1290	1290~1520	1290~1520	1290~1520	1290-1520	1290~1520
Mode field diameter (μm)	6.0±0.5@1310nm	6.0±0.5@1310nm	6.0±0.5@1310nm	6.0±0.5@1310nm	6.0±0.5@1310nm	6.5±0.5@1550nm	6.5±0.5@1550nm	6.5±0.5@1550nm	6.5±0.5@1550nm	6.5±0.5@1550nm
Attenuation (dB/km)	≤0.6	≤0.6	≤0.6	≤0.6	≤0.6	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5
Beat length (mm)	≤3.0	≤3.0	≤2.5	≤3.0	≤2.5	≤3.5	≤3.5	≤3.0	≤3.0	≤3.5
Polarization Dependent Loss@1000m (dB)	≤-30@1310nm	≤-30@1310nm	≤-25@1310nm	≤-15@1310nm	≤-25@1310nm	≤-30@1550nm	≤-30@1550nm	≤-25@1550nm	≤-25@1550nm	≤-15@1550nm
Geometrical properties
Cladding diameter (μm)	125.0±1.0	80.0±1.0	80.0±1.0	60.0±1.0	80.0±1.0	125.0±1.0	80.0±1.0	80.0±1.0	80.0±1.0	60.0±1.0
Coating diameter (μm)	245.0±5.0	165.0±5.0	135.0±5.0	100.0±5.0	135.0±5.0	245.0±5.0	165.0±5.0	135.0±5.0	135.0±5.0	100.0±5.0
Cladding non-circularity (%)	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0	≤1.0
Core/cladding concentricity error (μm)	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5
Coating material	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate	Dual-layer, UV-cured acrylate
Mechanical performance
Operating temperature range (°C)	-45~85	-45~85	-45~85	-55~95	-55~95	-45~85	-45~85	-45~85	-55~95	-55~95
Proof test level (kpsi)	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

How Is PM Fiber Performance Measured?

Several parameters are useful when specifying or evaluating a PM fiber system:

Birefringence (Δn): the effective refractive-index difference between the two principal polarization modes.
Beat length: the distance required for a 2π relative phase accumulation between the two modes. Shorter beat length generally indicates stronger birefringence at the same wavelength.
Polarization extinction ratio (PER): a measure of how much optical power remains in the desired polarization relative to the orthogonal polarization. A higher PER indicates better polarization purity.
Polarization crosstalk: the amount of unwanted power coupled from the launched eigenaxis into the orthogonal eigenaxis.

Axis alignment: the rotational accuracy between the input polarization, the fiber axes, connector keying, and splice orientation.

These PM-specific measurements are different from general cable qualification tests such as attenuation, insertion loss, OTDR analysis, tensile testing, and environmental testing. Hengtong's overview of fiber-optic cable testing explains those broader optical and mechanical test categories.

Where Is Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Used?

PM fiber is used when uncontrolled polarization drift would reduce measurement accuracy, interfere with modulation, or destabilize an optical system. Typical applications include fiber-optic gyroscopes, interferometric sensors, coherent optical systems, laser delivery, fiber lasers, and polarization-sensitive test equipment.

In many of these systems, choosing the fiber is only one part of the design. The complete optical path must also preserve axis orientation through pigtails, connectors, splices, couplers, and other components.

Polarization-Maintaining Fiber

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