How To Choose Fiber Cable Outer Sheath Materials?

Choosing the appropriate outer sheath material for fiber optic cables is crucial for ensuring the cable's durability, protection, and performance under specific environmental conditions. GL FIBER here's a guide to help you choose the right outer sheath material:

1. Understand the Environmental Conditions:

Outdoor Installation: The cable will be exposed to UV radiation, moisture, temperature fluctuations, and potentially mechanical stress. In such cases, materials like Polyethylene (PE) or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) are commonly used because of their excellent weather resistance and toughness.
Indoor Installation: The cable will be protected from harsh weather conditions, but fire safety and toxicity are key concerns. Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) materials are preferred indoors due to their low smoke emissions and non-toxic nature in case of a fire.
Industrial Environments: If the cable will be exposed to chemicals, oils, or other industrial hazards, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) may be used, as they offer good chemical resistance and flexibility.

Underwater or Submarine Applications: For cables that will be submerged, Polyurethane (PU) is often used due to its excellent resistance to water, abrasion, and impact.

2. Consider the Mechanical Protection Needs:

Armored vs. Non-Armored: In areas where the cable might be exposed to physical damage, an armored cable with a metallic or non-metallic armor beneath the sheath might be necessary. The outer sheath in such cases should be compatible with the armor.

Rodent Resistance: In areas prone to rodent attacks, a sheath material with added rodent repellents or additional layers (like steel tape or steel wire) can be used.

3. Evaluate Fire Safety Requirements:

Flame Retardance: For indoor installations or areas with strict fire codes, choosing materials like LSZH or Flame Retardant Polyolefin is essential. These materials prevent the spread of fire and reduce toxic emissions.

Halogen-Free: If the cable is used in confined spaces with limited ventilation, LSZH materials are ideal to prevent the release of toxic gases.

4. Consider the Installation Process:

Ease of Installation: Some sheath materials are more flexible and easier to handle during installation. PVC and TPE are generally more flexible, making them easier to bend and pull through conduits.

5. Cost Considerations:

Budget Constraints: High-performance materials like LSZH or armoring can significantly increase the cost. Balancing performance with budget is essential, especially in large-scale installations.

6. Aesthetic and Identification Needs:

Color Coding: In some installations, especially where multiple cables are used, outer sheaths may be color-coded for easy identification. Most sheath materials can be produced in various colors.

7. Future-Proofing:

Long-Term Durability: Consider the expected lifespan of the installation. Some materials, like HDPE, offer excellent long-term stability and are less likely to degrade over time.

Summary of Common Sheath Materials:

Polyethylene (PE): Durable, weather-resistant, good for outdoor use.
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Enhanced durability, good for buried or underwater cables.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Flexible, good for indoor or industrial environments.
Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH): Flame retardant, low toxicity, good for indoor use.
Polyurethane (PU): Resistant to water and abrasion, ideal for underwater applications.

Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE): Flexible, good chemical resistance, suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Final Decision:

Choose the sheath material based on the specific environmental, mechanical, and safety requirements of your installation. Consulting with a fiber optic cable manufacturer or an expert can also provide insights tailored to your project's needs.